Here is a selection of scientific literature on the subject of ketogenic nutrition and cancer, as well as the impact of phytochemicals and vitamins on cancer cell growth.
General influence of nutrition on cancer
- Arem, Hannah et al. (2013): The Healthy Eating Index 2005 and risk for pancreatic cancer in the NIH-AARP study. J Natl Cancer Inst 105 (17): 1298–1305.
[Link to the article]. - Arends, J. (2010): Metabolism in cancer patients. Anticancer Res 30 (5): 1863–1868.
[Link to the article]. - Bayley, J. P.; Devilee, P. (2012): The Warburg effect in 2012. Curr Opin Oncol 24 (1): 62–67.
[Link to the abstract]. - Bhaskaran, Krishnan et al. (2014): Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers. A population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults. The Lancet 384 (9945): 755–765.
[Link to the abstract]. - Dang, C. V. (2012): Links between metabolism and cancer. Genes Dev 26 (9): 877–890.
[Link to the article]. - Garcia-Jimenez, C. et al. (2014): A new link between diabetes and cancer: enhanced WNT/beta-catenin signaling by high glucose. J Mol Endocrinol 52 (1)R51-66.
[Link to the article]. - Tennant, D. A.; Duran, R. V.; Gottlieb, E. (2010): Targeting metabolic transformation for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 10 (4): 267–277.
[Link to the article].
Effect of sugar on cancer development
- Bruijn, K. M. de et al. (2013): Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between diabetes mellitus and incidence and mortality in breast and colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 100 (11): 1421–1429.
[Link to the abstract]. - Eslamian, G. et al. (2013): Higher glycemic index and glycemic load diet is associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Nutr Res 33 (9): 719–725.
[Link to the abstract]. - Gnagnarella, P. et al. (2008): Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 87 (6): 1793–1801.
[Link to the article]. - Goto, A. et al. (2016): High hemoglobin A1c levels within the non-diabetic range are associated with the risk of all cancers. Int J Cancer 138 (7): 1741–1753.
[Link to the article]. - Hu, J. et al. (2013): Glycemic index, glycemic load and cancer risk. Ann Oncol 24 (1): 245–251.
[Link to the article]. - Hua, F.; Yu, J. J.; Hu, Z. W. (2016): Diabetes and cancer, common threads and missing links. Cancer Lett 374 (1): 54–61.
[Link to the abstract]. - Huang, Y. et al. (2014): Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 57 (11): 2261–2269.
[Link to the abstract]. - Jee, S. H. et al. (2005): Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. JAMA 293 (2): 194–202.
[Link to the article]. - Liu, H. et al. (2010): Fructose induces transketolase flux to promote pancreatic cancer growth. Cancer Res 70 (15): 6368–6376.
[Link to the article]. - Onodera, Y.; Nam, J. M.; Bissell, M. J. (2014): Increased sugar uptake promotes oncogenesis via EPAC/RAP1 and O-GlcNAc pathways. J Clin Invest 124 (1): 367–384.
[Link to the article]. - Romieu, I. et al. (2012): Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Am J Clin Nutr 96 (2): 345–355.
[Link to the article]. - Schmidt, J. A. et al. (2014): Insulin-like growth factor-i and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23 (6): 976–985.
[Link to the article]. - Turati, F. et al. (2015): High glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with moderately increased cancer risk. Mol Nutr Food Res 59 (7): 1384–1394.
[Link to the abstract].
Ketogenic Nutrition / Metabolic Therapy
- Abdelwahab, Mohammed G. et al. (2012): The ketogenic diet is an effective adjuvant to radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant glioma. PLoS One 7 (5)e36197.
[Link to the article]. - Allen, B. G. et al. (2014): Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant cancer therapy: History and potential mechanism. Redox Biol 2: 963–970.
[Link to the article]. - Allen, Bryan G. et al. (2013): Ketogenic diets enhance oxidative stress and radio-chemo-therapy responses in lung cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 19 (14): 3905–3913.
[Link to the article]. - Aminzadeh-Gohari S. et al. (2017): A ketogenic diet supplemented with medium-chain triglycerides enhances the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic efficacy of chemotherapy on neuroblastoma xenografts in a CD1-nu mouse model. Oncotarget 8 (39): 64728-64744.
[Link to the article]. - Brand, A. et al. (2016): LDHA-Associated Lactic Acid Production Blunts Tumor Immunosurveillance by T and NK Cells. Cell Metab 24(5):657-671.
[Link to the article]. - Branca, J. J.; Pacini, S.; Ruggiero, M. (2015): Effects of Pre-surgical Vitamin D Supplementation and Ketogenic Diet in a Patient with Recurrent Breast Cancer. Anticancer Res 35 (10): 5525–5532.
[Link to the abstract]. - Branco, A. F. et al. (2016): Ketogenic diets: from cancer to mitochondrial diseases and beyond. Eur J Clin Invest 46 (3): 285–298.
[Link to the abstract]. - Brandhorst, S. et al. (2017): Protective effects of short-term dietary restriction in surgical stress and chemotherapy. Ageing Res Rev.
[Link to the abstract]. - Breitkreutz, R. et al. (2005): Effects of a high-fat diet on body composition in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a randomized controlled study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 117 (19-20): 685–692.
[Link to the article]. - Champ, C. E. et al. (2013): Nutrient restriction and radiation therapy for cancer treatment: when less is more. Oncologist 18 (1): 97–103.
[Link to the article]. - Champ, C. E. et al. (2014): Targeting metabolism with a ketogenic diet during the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 117 (1): 125–131.
[Link to the abstract]. - Chang, H. T.; Olson, L. K.; Schwartz, K. A. (2013): Ketolytic and glycolytic enzymatic expression profiles in malignant gliomas: implication for ketogenic diet therapy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 10 (1): 47.
[Link to the article]. - Diaz-Moralli, S. et al. (2016): A key role for transketolase-like 1 in tumor metabolic reprogramming. Oncotarget.
[Link to the article]. - Dorr, JR et al. (2013): Synthetic lethal metabolic targeting of cellular senescence in cancer therapy. Nature 501 (7467): 421–425.
[Link to the abstract]. - El, Mjiyad N. et al. (2011): Sugar-free approaches to cancer cell killing. Oncogene 30 (3): 253–264.
[Link to the abstract]. - Emond, J. A. et al. (2014): Risk of breast cancer recurrence associated with carbohydrate intake and tissue expression of IGFI receptor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23 (7): 1273–1279.
[Link to the article]. - Fine, E. J. et al. (2009): Acetoacetate reduces growth and ATP concentration in cancer cell lines which over-express uncoupling protein 2. Cancer Cell Int 9: 14.
[Link to the article]. - Fine, E. J. et al. (2012): Targeting insulin inhibition as a metabolic therapy in advanced cancer: a pilot safety and feasibility dietary trial in 10 patients. Nutrition 28 (10): 1028–1035.
[Link to the article]. - Fogg, V. C.; Lanning, N. J.; Mackeigan, J. P. (2011): Mitochondria in cancer: at the crossroads of life and death. Chin J Cancer 30 (8): 526–539.
[Link to the article]. - Freedland, S. J. et al. (2008): Carbohydrate restriction, prostate cancer growth, and the insulin-like growth factor axis. Prostate 68 (1): 11–19.
[Link to the article]. - Gatenby, R. A.; Gillies, R. J. (2004): Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis? Nat Rev Cancer 4 (11): 891–899.
[Link to the abstract]. - Groot, S. de et al. (2015): The effects of short-term fasting on tolerance to (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-negative breast cancer patients: a randomized pilot study. BMC Cancer 15: 652.
[Link to the article]. - Ho, V. W. et al. (2011): A low carbohydrate, high protein diet slows tumor growth and prevents cancer initiation. Cancer Res 71 (13): 4484–4493.
[Link to the article]. - Hsu, P. P.; Sabatini, D. M. (2008): Cancer cell metabolism: Warburg and beyond. Cell 134 (5): 703–707.
[Link to the article]. - Husain, Z. et al. (2013): Tumor-derived lactate modifies antitumor immune response: effect on myeloid-derived suppressor cells and NK cells. J Immunol 191 (3): 1486–1495.
[Link to the article]. - Jansen, N.; Walach, H. (2016): The development of tumours under a ketogenic diet in association with the novel tumour marker TKTL1: A case series in general practice. Oncol Lett 11 (1): 584–592.
[Link to the article]. - Jin, L. et al. (2014): The metastatic potential of triple-negative breast cancer is decreased via caloric restriction-mediated reduction of the miR-17~92 cluster. Breast Cancer Res Treat 146 (1): 41–50.
[Link to the article]. - Kankova, K.; Hrstka, R. (2012): Cancer as a metabolic disease and diabetes as a cancer risk? Klin Onkol 25 Suppl 22S26-31.
[Link to the abstract]. - Klement, R. J. (2014): Restricting carbohydrates to fight head and neck cancer-is this realistic? Cancer Biol Med 11 (3): 145–161.
[Link to the article]. - Klement, R. J.; Champ, C. E. (2014): Calories, carbohydrates, and cancer therapy with radiation: exploiting the five R’s through dietary manipulation. Cancer Metastasis Rev 33 (1): 217–229.
[Link to the article]. - Klement, R. J.; Kammerer, U. (2011): Is there a role for carbohydrate restriction in the treatment and prevention of cancer? Nutr Metab (Lond) 8: 75.
[Link to the article]. - Klement, R. J.; Sweeney, R. A. (2016): Impact of a ketogenic diet intervention during radiotherapy on body composition: I. Initial clinical experience with six prospectively studied patients. BMC Res Notes 9: 143.
[Link to the article]. - Lee, C. et al. (2012): Fasting cycles retard growth of tumors and sensitize a range of cancer cell types to chemotherapy. Sci Transl Med 4 (124)124ra27.
[Link to the article]. - Lee, C.; Longo, V. D. (2011): Fasting vs dietary restriction in cellular protection and cancer treatment: from model organisms to patients. Oncogene 30 (30): 3305–3316.
[Link to the abstract]. - Li, B. et al. (2014): Downregulation of the Werner syndrome protein induces a metabolic shift that compromises redox homeostasis and limits proliferation of cancer cells. Aging Cell 13 (2): 367–378.
[Link to the article]. - Longo, V. D.; Fontana, L. (2010): Calorie restriction and cancer prevention: metabolic and molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 31 (2): 89–98.
[Link to the article]. - Lu, W., Logsdon, CD., Abbruzzese, JL (2013): Cancer Metabolism and Its Therapeutic Implications. J Cell Sci Ther 04 (02).
[Link to the article]. - Lussier, D. M. et al. (2016): Enhanced immunity in a mouse model of malignant glioma is mediated by a therapeutic ketogenic diet. BMC Cancer 16: 310.
[Link to the article]. - Lv, M. et al. (2014): Roles of caloric restriction, ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting during initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 9 (12)e115147.
[Link to the article]. - Marinac, Catherine R. et al. (2016): Prolonged Nightly Fasting and Breast Cancer Prognosis. JAMA Oncol 2 (8): 1049–1055.
[Link to the article]. - Maurer, G. D. et al. (2011): Differential utilization of ketone bodies by neurons and glioma cell lines: a rationale for ketogenic diet as experimental glioma therapy. BMC Cancer 11: 315.
[Link to the article]. - Meijer, T. W. et al. (2012): Targeting hypoxia, HIF-1, and tumor glucose metabolism to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Clin Cancer Res 18 (20): 5585–5594.
[Link to the article]. - Nakamura, K. et al. (2018): A Ketogenic Formula Prevents Tumor Progression and Cancer Cachexia by Attenuating Systemic Inflammation in Colon 26 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Nutrients 10(2): 206.
[Link to the article]. - Oleksyszyn, J. (2011): The complete control of glucose level utilizing the composition of ketogenic diet with the gluconeogenesis inhibitor, the anti-diabetic drug metformin, as a potential anti-cancer therapy. Med Hypotheses 77 (2): 171–173.
[Link to the article]. - Oliveira, Camila L.P. et al. (2017): A Nutritional Perspective of Ketogenic Diet in Cancer. A Narrative Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
[Link to the abstract]. - Otto, C. et al. (2008): Growth of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by a ketogenic diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. BMC Cancer 8: 122.
[Link to the article]. - Otto, C. et al. (2014): Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Verstoffwechselung von Ketonkörpern und Laktat durch Tumorzellen des Gastrointestinaltrakts. Aktuel Ernahrungsmed 39 (01): 51–59.
[Link to the article]. - Paoli, A. et al. (2013): Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 67 (8): 789–796.
[Link to the article]. - Phan, L. M.; Yeung, S. C.; Lee, M. H. (2014): Cancer metabolic reprogramming: importance, main features, and potentials for precise targeted anti-cancer therapies. Cancer Biol Med 11 (1): 1–19.
[Link to the article]. - Poff, A. M. et al. (2013): The ketogenic diet and hyperbaric oxygen therapy prolong survival in mice with systemic metastatic cancer. PLoS One 8 (6)e65522.
[Link to the article]. - Poff, A. M. et al. (2014): Ketone supplementation decreases tumor cell viability and prolongs survival of mice with metastatic cancer. Int J Cancer 135 (7): 1711–1720.
[Link to the article]. - Raffaghello, L. et al. (2010): Fasting and differential chemotherapy protection in patients. Cell Cycle 9 (22): 4474–4476.
[Link to the article]. - Rieger, J. et al. (2014): ERGO: a pilot study of ketogenic diet in recurrent glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 44 (6): 1843–1852.
[Link to the article]. - Safdie, F. et al. (2012): Fasting enhances the response of glioma to chemo- and radiotherapy. PLoS One 7 (9)e44603.
[Link to the article]. - Schmidt, M. et al. (2011): Effects of a ketogenic diet on the quality of life in 16 patients with advanced cancer: A pilot trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 8 (1): 54.
[Link to the article]. - Schroeder, U. et al. (2013): Decline of lactate in tumor tissue after ketogenic diet: in vivo microdialysis study in patients with head and neck cancer. Nutr Cancer 65 (6): 843–849.
[Link to the article]. - Schwartz, K. et al. (2015): Treatment of glioma patients with ketogenic diets: report of two cases treated with an IRB-approved energy-restricted ketogenic diet protocol and review of the literature. Cancer Metab 3: 3.
[Link to the article]. - Seyfried, T. N. et al. (2014): Cancer as a metabolic disease: implications for novel therapeutics. Carcinogenesis 35 (3): 515–527.
[Link to the article]. - Seyfried, T. N.; Mukherjee, P. (2005): Targeting energy metabolism in brain cancer: review and hypothesis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2: 30.
[Link to the article]. - Shi, Y. et al. (2012): Starvation-induced activation of ATM/Chk2/p53 signaling sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin. BMC Cancer 12: 571.
[Link to the article]. - Shukla, S. K. et al. (2014): Metabolic reprogramming induced by ketone bodies diminishes pancreatic cancer cachexia. Cancer Metab 2: 18.
[Link to the article]. - Simone, B. A. et al. (2013): Selectively starving cancer cells through dietary manipulation: methods and clinical implications. Future Oncol 9 (7): 959–976.
[Link to the abstract]. - Smyl, C. (2016): Ketogenic Diet and Cancer-a Perspective. Recent Results Cancer Res 207: 233–240.
[Link to the abstract]. - Tan-Shalaby, J. (2017): Ketogenic Diets and Cancer. Emerging Evidence. Fed Pract 34 (supp 1)37S–42S.
[Link to the articel]. - Veech, R. L. (2004): The therapeutic implications of ketone bodies: the effects of ketone bodies in pathological conditions: ketosis, ketogenic diet, redox states, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial metabolism. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 70 (3): 309–319.
[Link to the abstract]. - Vergati, M. et al. (2017): Ketogenic diet and other dietary intervention strategies in the treatment of cancer. Curr Med Chem.
[Link to the abstract]. - Wanka, C.; Steinbach, J. P.; Rieger, J. (2012): Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) protects glioma cells from starvation-induced cell death by up-regulating respiration and improving cellular redox homeostasis. J Biol Chem 287 (40): 33436–33446.
[Link to the article]. - Woolf, E. C. et al. (2015): The Ketogenic Diet Alters the Hypoxic Response and Affects Expression of Proteins Associated with Angiogenesis, Invasive Potential and Vascular Permeability in a Mouse Glioma Model. PLoS One 10 (6)e0130357.
[Link to the article]. - Woolf, E. C.; Scheck, A. C. (2015): The ketogenic diet for the treatment of malignant glioma. J Lipid Res 56 (1): 5–10.
[Link to the article]. - Woolf, E. C.; Syed, N.; Scheck, A. C. (2016): Tumor Metabolism, the Ketogenic Diet and β-Hydroxybutyrate. Novel Approaches to Adjuvant Brain Tumor Therapy. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 9e36197.
[Link to the article] - Wright, C.; Simone, N. L. (2016): Obesity and tumor growth: inflammation, immunity, and the role of a ketogenic diet. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 19 (4): 294–299.
[Link to the article]. - Zhao, F. et al. (2010): Imatinib resistance associated with BCR-ABL upregulation is dependent on HIF-1alpha-induced metabolic reprograming. Oncogene 29 (20): 2962–2972.
[Link to the article]. - Zuccoli, G. et al. (2010): Metabolic management of glioblastoma multiforme using standard therapy together with a restricted ketogenic diet: Case Report. Nutr Metab (Lond) 7: 33.
[Link to the article].
Nutrition and sugar in cancer care
- Aune, D. et al. (2012): Dietary fructose, carbohydrates, glycemic indices and pancreatic cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Oncol 23 (10): 2536–2546.
[Link to the article]. - Braakhuis, A. J.; Campion, P.; Bishop, K. S. (2016): Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients 8 (9).
[Link to the article]. - Champ, C. E. et al. (2012): Weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and breast cancer recurrence: are dietary recommendations supported by the data? Int J Breast Cancer 2012: 506868.
[Link to the article]. - Emond, J. A. et al. (2014): Risk of breast cancer recurrence associated with carbohydrate intake and tissue expression of IGFI receptor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23 (7): 1273–1279.
[Link to the article]. - Meyerhardt, J. A. et al. (2012): Dietary glycemic load and cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from CALGB 89803. J Natl Cancer Inst 104 (22): 1702–1711.
[Link to the article]. - Minicozzi, P. et al. (2013): High fasting blood glucose and obesity significantly and independently increase risk of breast cancer death in hormone receptor-positive disease. Eur J Cancer 49 (18): 3881–3888.
[Link to the abstract].
Special food ingredients
General
- Farzaei, M. H.; Bahramsoltani, R.; Rahimi, R. (2016): Phytochemicals as Adjunctive with Conventional Anticancer Therapies. Curr Pharm Des 22 (27): 4201–4218.
[Link to the article]. - Keijer, J. et al. (2011): Bioactive food components, cancer cell growth limitation and reversal of glycolytic metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1807 (6): 697–706.
[Link to the article].
Broccoli and sulforaphane
- Bauman, J. E. et al. (2016): Prevention of Carcinogen-Induced Oral Cancer by Sulforaphane. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 9 (7): 547–557.
[Link to the abstract]. - Bijangi-Vishehsaraei, K. et al. (2017): Sulforaphane suppresses the growth of glioblastoma cells, glioblastoma stem cell-like spheroids, and tumor xenografts through multiple cell signaling pathways. J Neurosurg: 1–12.
[Link zum abstract]. - Ganai, S. A. (2016): Histone deacetylase inhibitor sulforaphane: The phytochemical with vibrant activity against prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 81: 250–257.
[Link to the abstract]. - Jiang, L. L. et al. (2016): Sulforaphane suppresses in vitro and in vivo lung tumorigenesis through downregulation of HDAC activity. Biomed Pharmacother 78: 74–80.
[Link to the abstract]. - Kallifatidis, G. et al. (2009): Sulforaphane targets pancreatic tumour-initiating cells by NF-kappaB-induced antiapoptotic signalling. Gut 58 (7): 949–963.
[Link to the abstract]. - Kim, D. H. et al. (2015): Sulforaphane inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression and migration of human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 47 (6): 2226–2232.
[Link to the abstract]. - Liu, K. C. et al. (2016): Sulforaphane Induces Cell Death through G2/M Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colon Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med: 1289–1310.
[Link to the abstract]. - Martin, S. L.; Kala, R.; Tollefsbol, T. O. (2017): Mechanisms for inhibition of colon cancer cells by sulforaphane through epigenetic modulation of microRNA-21 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) down-regulation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets.
[Link to the abstract]. - Sarkar, R. et al. (2012): Sulphoraphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by targeting heat shock proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 427 (1): 80–85.
[Link to the abstract].
Curcuma and curcumin
- Allegra, A. et al. (2017): Anticancer Activity of Curcumin and Its Analogues: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Cancer Invest 35 (1): 1–22.
[Link to the abstract]. - Cruz-Corres et al. (2006):Combination treatment with curcumin and quercetin of adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis. In: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4 (8), 1035–1038.
[Link to the abstractt]. - Deng, Y. I.; Verron, E.; Rohanizadeh, R. (2016): Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-metastatic Activity of Curcumin. Anticancer Res 36 (11): 5639–5647.
[Link to the abstract]. - Naik, S.; Thakare, V.; Patil S (2011): Protective effect of curcumin on experimentally induced inflammation, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in rats: evidence of its antioxidant property. Exp Toxicol Pathol 63 (5): 419-431.
[Link to the abstract]. - Killian, P. H. et al. (2012): Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer metastasis in vivo by targeting the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2. Carcinogenesis 33 (12): 2507–2519.
[Link to the article]. - Mahlknecht, U. (2013): Den Krebs im Visier. Aktuel Ernahrungsmed 38 (S 01)S37-S41.
[Link to the articel]. - Murakami, A. et al. (2013): Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis. Biofactors 39 (2): 221–232.
[Link to the abstract]. - Schaffer, M.; Schaffer, P. M.; Bar-Sela, G. (2015): An update on Curcuma as a functional food in the control of cancer and inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 18 (6): 605–611.
[Link to the abstract]. - Toden, S. et al. (2015): Novel Evidence for Curcumin and Boswellic Acid-Induced Chemoprevention through Regulation of miR-34a and miR-27a in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 8 (5): 431–443.
[Link to the article].
Galactose
- Isenberg, J. et al. (1997): Liver lectin blocking with D-galactose to prevent hepatic metastases in colorectal carcinoma patients. Anticancer Res 17 (5B): 3767–3772.
[Link to the article]. - Kosik, J. et al. (1997): Prevention of hepatic metastases by liver lectin blocking with D-galactose in stomach cancer patients. A prospectively randomized clinical trial. Anticancer Res 17 (2B): 1411–1415.
[Link to the article]. - Kosterlitz, H.; Wedler, H. W. (1933): Untersuchungen über die Verwertung der Galaktose in physiologischen und pathologischen Zuständen. Z. Ges. Exp. Med. 87 (1): 397–404.
[Link to the article]. - Lembke, A.; Pause, B. (1989): Anticaries effectiveness of D(+)-galactose. Z Stomatol 86 (4): 179–189.
[Link to the article]. - Li, N. et al. (2011): D-galactose induces necroptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cell lines. J Cell Biochem 112 (12): 3834–3844.
[Link to the article]. - Mohammad, M. A. et al. (2011): Galactose promotes fat mobilization in obese lactating and nonlactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 93 (2): 374–381.
[Link to the article]. - Warczynski, P. et al. (1997): Prevention of hepatic metastases by liver lectin blocking with D-galactose in colon cancer patients. A prospectively randomized clinical trial. Anticancer Res 17 (2B): 1223–1226.
[Link to the article].
Green tea and EGCG
- Am Dostal et al. (2015): The safety of green tea extract supplementation in postmenopausal women at risk for breast cancer: results of the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. Food Chem Toxicol 83: 26–35.
[Link to the article]. - Fujiki, H. et al. (2015): Primary cancer prevention by green tea, and tertiary cancer prevention by the combination of green tea catechins and anticancer compounds. J Cancer Prev 20 (1): 1–4.
[Link to the article]. - Hayakawa, S. et al. (2016): Anti-Cancer Effects of Green Tea by Either Anti- or Pro- Oxidative Mechanisms. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 17 (4): 1649–1654.
[Link to the abstract]. - Hu, F. et al. (2015): EGCG synergizes the therapeutic effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin through autophagic pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. J Pharmacol Sci 128 (1): 27–34.
[Link to the article]. - Huang, Y. et al. (2015): Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-O-gallate induces cell death by acid sphingomyelinase activation in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 34 (3): 1162–1168.
[Link to the article]. - Liu, J et al. (2016): Association of green tea consumption with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese cohort of 165,000 adult men. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016 Sep;31(9):853-65. doi: 10.1007/s10654-016-0173-3. Epub 2016 Jul 2.
[Link to the article] - Mahlknecht, U. (2013): Den Krebs im Visier. Aktuel Ernahrungsmed 38 (S 01)S37-S41.
[Link to the article]. - Mayr, C. et al. (2015): The green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate induces cell cycle arrest and shows potential synergism with cisplatin in biliary tract cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 15: 194.
[Link to the article]. - Mereles, D.; Hunstein, W. (2011): Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for clinical trials: more pitfalls than promises? Int J Mol Sci 12 (9): 5592–5603.
[Link to the article]. - Münstedt, K.; Männle, H. (2015): Grüner Tee zur primären und tertiären Prophylaxe des Mammakarzinoms. DZO 47 (01): 10–12.
[Link to the article]. - Sanchez-Tena, S. et al. (2013): Epicatechin gallate impairs colon cancer cell metabolic productivity. J Agric Food Chem 61 (18): 4310–4317.
[Link to the article]. - Shay, J. et al. (2015): Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of (-)-Epicatechin and Other Polyphenols in Cancer, Inflammation, Diabetes, and Neurodegeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015: 181260.
[Link to the article].
Magnesium
- Am Gorczyca et al. (2015): Association between magnesium intake and risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 26 (12): 1761–1769.
[Link to the article]. - Dibaba, D. et al. (2015): Magnesium intake and incidence of pancreatic cancer: the VITamins and Lifestyle study. Br J Cancer 113 (11): 1615–1621.
[Link to the article]. - Ko, H. J. et al. (2014): Dietary magnesium intake and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Nutr Cancer 66 (6): 915–923.
[Link to the article]. - Mahabir, S. et al. (2008): Dietary magnesium and DNA repair capacity as risk factors for lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 29 (5): 949–956.
[Link to the article]. - Tao, M. H. et al. (2016): Associations of intakes of magnesium and calcium and survival among women with breast cancer: results from Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study. Am J Cancer Res 6 (1): 105–113.
[Link to the article].
Polyphenols
- Abdal, Dayem A. et al. (2016): The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 8 (9).
[Link to the article]. - Braakhuis, A. J.; Campion, P.; Bishop, K. S. (2016): Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients 8 (9).
[Link to the article]. - Jung, K. H. et al. (2013): Resveratrol suppresses cancer cell glucose uptake by targeting reactive oxygen species-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha activation. J Nucl Med 54 (12): 2161–2167.
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Omega-3 fatty acids
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[Link to the article]. - Manzi, L. et al. (2015): Effect of Dietary omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA on Glycolytic Enzymes and Warburg Phenotypes in Cancer. Biomed Res Int 2015: 137097.
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[Link to the abstract]. - Sun, H. et al. (2013): Anti-cancer activity of DHA on gastric cancer–an in vitro and in vivo study. Tumour Biol 34 (6): 3791–3800.
[Link to the abstract]. - Yu, Jing et al. (2017): Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 17 (1): 271.
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Ribose
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[Link to the abstract]. - Boer, P.; Sperling, O. (1995): Role of cellular ribose-5-phosphate content in the regulation of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and de novo purine synthesis in a human hepatoma cell line. Metabolism 44 (11): 1469–1474.
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[Link to the abstract]. - Shecterle, L.; Kasubick, R.; St, Cyr J. (2008): D-ribose benefits restless legs syndrome. J Altern Complement Med 14 (9): 1165–1166.
[Link to the abstract]. - Teitelbaum, J. E.; Johnson, C.; St, Cyr J. (2006): The use of D-ribose in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 12 (9): 857–862.
[Link to the abstract]. - Vijay, N. et al. (2008): D-ribose benefits heart failure patients. J Med Food 11 (1): 199–200.
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Salvestrols
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[Link to the article]. - Ware, William R. (2009): Nutrition and the prevention and treatment of cancer: association of cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 with the role of fruit and fruit extracts. Integr Cancer Ther 8 (1): 22–28.
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Tocomin, vitamin E and tocotrienols
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[Link to the article]. - Jiang, Q. et al. (2012): Gamma-tocotrienol induces apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells by increasing intracellular dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramide. Int J Cancer 130 (3): 685–693.
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[Link to the article]. - Shibata, A. et al. (2008): Tocotrienol inhibits secretion of angiogenic factors from human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. J Nutr 138 (11): 2136–2142.
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[Link to the article]. - Sylvester, P. W. et al. (2011): Tocotrienol combination therapy results in synergistic anticancer response. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 16: 3183–3195.
[Link to the article]. - Szabolcs, P. et al. (2016): A Systematic Review of Global Alpha-Tocopherol Status as Assessed by Nutritional Intake Levels and Blood Serum Concentrations. Int J Vitam Nutr Res: 1–21.
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[Link to the abstract].
Vitamin D3 and vitamin K2
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[Link to the article]. - McDonnell, S. L. et al. (2016): Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations /=40 ng/ml Are Associated with 65% Lower Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Randomized Trial and Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 11 (4)e0152441.
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[Link to the abstract]. - Spitz, J. (2014): Zur Bedeutung des Sonnenhormons Vitamin D in der Onkologie – ein Update. DZO 46 (03): 96–102.
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